The origin of the universe

The origin of the universe from the sublimation of water ice.

Author; Rogelio Pérez Casadiego

This theory of the origin of the universe shows to a universe originated from a water ice, which by phase change is sublimated causing the space without time, and rotation of the mass in the universe is explained by the effect of torque produced by the sublimation of water ice in the angular momentum of a universe. 

According to the theory of the universe originated from ice, light and time in the universe originated when the mass of the ice which originates all things in the universe, started to sublimate and this sublimation originated a movement of rotation in the mass that eventually led to the change of phases to the matter due to the heat machine in which the universe became; first this fog condenses into water, then this water is converted into gas and then the gas is ionized by electromagnetic force originated from the rotation of the mass. All of this was possible because of the heat engine in which the universe became due the sublimation of the ice which all originates.

This theory answers to the unknowns as the dark energy from the point of view of the acceleration and expansion of the mass of water, the dark matter from the point of view of a plasma of negative ions of hydroxyl.

Keywords;

Molecule of ion negative of hydroxyl, ion hydrogen atoms, water ice. Dark matter, dark energy, plasma.

Introduction;

This article presents a new theory on the origin of the universe, which explains that the universe originated of water ice, which after a physical process known as phase transition, it is passed Solid state to the gaseous state, process known as sublimation, and then to the liquid state process known as condensation then experiment an acceleration in the mass of water radiating energy and ionizing their molecules, converting the water gas that filled the early universe into two kinds of plasma and an neutrons field.

This hypothesis has antecedents in the old time the pre-socratic philosopher and scientist Thales of Miletus, this referred to the idea that everything was made of water, giving importance to the movement.

But at present scientific papers have been found; the start of the Universe should be modeled not as a Big Bang but more like water freezing into ice, according to a team of theoretical physicists at the University of Melbourne and RMIT University[i].

New origin of universe model pours water on Big Bang theory; A new model in which the cosmos is filled with a “quantum fluid” suggests that there was no Big Bang – and could explain the origin of two mysterious components of the universe.[ii]

The theory of relativity teaches that a mass that accelerates will have to radiate energy, and the best candidate to accelerate and radiate energy, is the water because of their molecular combination the oxygen and the hydrogen, can be used as a raw material, to form all the elements of the earth and the universe, as explained by the Doctor William A. Fowleren in his writing the elements can be transmuted[iii], moreover the percentage of the mass of the water molecule, explains perfectly 100% of matter in the universe"

In the development of the background to this work were written and were cited verbatim paragraphs of current scientific research, which justify and reinforce this new way of viewing the universe, by which we can say that it is not an isolated idea of the researcher.

A swedish physicist critic of the theory of the big bang and Nobel prize winner called Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén believed the problem with the Big Bang was that astrophysicists tried to extrapolate the origin of the universe from mathematical theories developed on the blackboard, rather than starting from known observable phenomena. He also considered the Big Bang to be a scientific myth devised to explain creation.[iv]

The singularity of the Big Bang theory, comes out of the math of Einstein's theory of general relativity, which describes how mass warps space-time, and another equation (called Raychaudhuri's equation) that predicts whether the trajectory of something will converge or diverge over time. Going backward in time, according to these equations, all matter in the universe was once in a single point — the Big Bang singularity.

But that's not quite true. In Einstein's formulation, the laws of physics actually break before the singularity is reached. But scientists extrapolate backward as if the physics equations still hold, said Robert Brandenberger, a theoretical cosmologist at McGill University in Montreal.

There are other problems brewing in physics — namely, that the two most dominant theories, quantum mechanics and general relativity, can't be reconciled.[v]

The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), have come to an unusual conclusion after conducting an experiment to high levels of energy, where he recreated the «first microseconds after the Big Bang". After accelerating a number of particles, the team believes that, in those first moments, not only universe was very hot and dense, but that, and here comes the novelty, it behaved like a liquid.[vi]

movement of rotation in the universe can be explained by the effect of torque produced by the sublimation of water ice in the angular momentum

This theory also talk that the universe rotates due the effect of torque produced by the sublimation of water ice, and the scientist have said; “The universe was born spinning and continues to do so around a preferred axis – that is the bold conclusion of physicists in the US who have studied the rotation of more than 15,000 galaxies. While most cosmological theories have suggested that – on a large scale – the universe is the same in every direction, these recent findings suggest that the early universe was born spinning about a specific axis”[vii]

In the journal Nature came out in the following work that talk of the sublimation: “Here we present a sublimation heat engine, which can convert temperature differences into mechanical work via the Leidenfrost effect. The rotational motion of the dry-ice loads is converted into electric power by coupling to a magnetic coil system. We extend our concept to liquid loads, generalizing the realization of the new engine to both sublimation and the instantaneous vapourization of liquids. Our results support the feasibility of low-friction in situenergy harvesting from both liquids and ices”[viii].

Any new theory of the origin of the universe will have to answer hypothetically some mysteries of science as dark matter and dark energy, so it presented several concepts on these mysteries.

Dark matter is a kind of matter hypothesized in astronomy and cosmology to account for gravitational effects that appear to be the result of invisible mass. Dark matter cannot be seen directly with telescopes; evidently it neither emits nor absorbs light or other electromagnetic radiation at any significant level. It is otherwise hypothesized to simply be matter that is not reactant to light.[ix]

Dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy which permeates all of space and tends to accelerate the expansion of the universe.[x]

Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén in 1937 based on his work on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) argued that if plasma pervaded the universe, it could then carry electric currents capable of generating a galactic magnetic field.

Plasma is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. Plasma has properties which are unlike those of the other states.

Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe, most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun.[xi]

Plasmas are by far the most common phase of ordinary matter in the universe, both by mass and by volume. Essentially, all of the visible light from space comes from stars, which are plasmas with a temperature such that they radiate strongly at visible wavelengths. Most of the ordinary (or baryonic) matter in the universe, however, is found in the intergalactic medium, which is also a plasma, but much hotter, so that it radiates primarily as X-rays.

After winning the Nobel Prize for his works in magnetohydrodynamics, he emphasized that:

In order to understand the phenomena in a certain plasma region, it is necessary to map not only the magnetic but also the electric field and the electric currents. Space is filled with a network of currents which transfer energy and momentum over large or very large distances. The currents often pinch to filamentary or surface currents. The latter are likely to give space, as also interstellar and intergalactic space, a cellular structure.[xii]

Alfvén recalled:

When I describe the [plasma phenomena] according to this formulism most referees do not understand what I say and turn down my papers. With the referee system which rules US science today, this means that my papers are rarely accepted by the leading US journals.[xiii].

There are also some ideas about what dark matter could be, called, Wimps and Axions, first there are several experiments without being able to find them, and the second (axions) the theory that predicts the existence of this particle in practice is not met. “The Dirac-mass chaos eventually destroys the exotic surface state,”

magnetic monopoles or of axions.[xiv]

Another concept is on the expansion of the universe, there is currently a scientific explanation, which proposes another explanation of the expansion of the universe, which was published in the journal natural that refers to the expansion of the mass of the atoms.[xv]

To explain the acceleration of the expansion of the universe, astrophysicists have invoked dark energy – a hypothetical form of energy that permeates all of space. A popular theory of dark energy, however, does not fit new results on the value of the proton mass divided by the electron mass in the early universe, the professor of astronomy of the University of Arizona, Rodger Thompson finds that a popular alternative to Albert Einstein's theory for the acceleration of the expansion of the universe does not fit newly obtained data on a fundamental constant, the proton to electron mass ratio[xvi].

A cosmological model with a large scale primordial rotation term of this order can give an accelerating universe mimicking a dark energy term."[xvii]

“Water is made of discrete, individual molecules, which interact with each other according to the laws of quantum mechanics, but liquid water appears continuous and flowing and transparent and refracting,” explains Ted Jacobson, a physicist at the University of Maryland, College Park. “These are all ‘emergent’ properties that cannot be found in the individual molecules, even though they ultimately derive from the properties of those molecules.”[xviii]

Materials and methods

The method to perform this research was the method analytical and synthetic, because the method of scientific evolution should be mixed, both for the discovery to science instruction, which is we use two species of method.

Results;

This theory teaches that; the universe was originated from a water ice (The ice has the characteristic of having three spatial dimensions and once that we see today), in which suffers a physical process known as phase transition that causes a change in this matter, passing of state solid to gas, a process known as sublimation, causing space with three spatial dimensions and once and rotation of the mass in the universe(according to this theory is the cause by which all the matter in the universe rotates),, forming a water fog, after the condensation of this gas turning to the liquid state, then in this liquid water presents a movement of rotation, which is increasing up to accelerate and to make rotate on its own axis. which begins to radiate energy, this energy radiated in the beginning of the universe, generated very high temperatures (According to this theory is the thermal radiation (CMB)), changing this water mass into a gas which expands throughout whole universe in its origin, subsequently in the atoms of this radiated energy, the atoms begin a spontaneous emission due to the interaction with matter, and there begins this high energy to turn into photons (All sufficiently heated body emits electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum)Originating a Photoionization in the first place, and producing atoms (H) and free radicals (OH), then this water gas is assaulted by the photons of high energy (rays gamma), and the water molecules are ionized by the absorption of light UV of high energy resulting in the loss of electrons from the molecules of water generating a expansion in the midst of this water gas(according to this theory is the expansion that the universe experiment in its beginnings and at present), and the universe is divided electrically into three fields; a positive field; this is formed of the hydrogen atoms (+H), another negative formed by the molecule of (-OH), and a neutral field It is formed by neutrons Or neutral particles originate from the by-product of the ionization of molecules of water by gamma rays. (According to this theory is the exterior space).

The matter was divided into 2 kinds of plasma; The first plasma composed of negative hydroxyl ions (-OH), was formed what we know today as the dark matter and dark energy, which constitutes 95% of the totality of the matter in the universe, and which formed water clouds, oceans, ice water and liquid water in the universe, And the second plasma hydrogen ions (+H) was formed clouds, stars, galaxies and the rest of astronomical structures that at present are observed, that constitutes 5 % of the matter of the universe, and of expansion in the middle of this gas is what we know the exterior space, and this neutral field.

Conclusions;

As a conclusion we can say that the universe originated from something called water ice, responds better many of the mysteries that today have in problem the theory of the big bang.

We can also say that the space is independent of the time and that what we know as the age of the universe, according to this theory is the origin of light in the universe, which according to this theory is product of the radiation energy of the accelerated matter.

This theory teaches that the angular momentum that gave rise to the rotational movement of the mass in the universe was the sublimation of water ice. This movement of rotation in the universe can be explained by the effect of torque produced by the sublimation of water ice in the angular momentum of the nucleus, of a universe originated from ice water (rigid body).

Also is possible to conclude that the universe was divided electrically into three fields; a positive field; this is formed of the hydrogen atoms (+H), another negative formed by the molecule of (-OH), and a neutral field It is formed by neutrons Or neutral particles originate from the by-product of the ionization of molecules of water by gamma rays.

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